CCP 3.1.58.A.b - Enūma Anu Enlil 58(59)-62(63) Group B A

Catalogue information
British Museum
K.35
NinevehNineveh (Kuyunjik)
CDLI: 
P393722
Publication
Copy: 
3R 57 4 [partial]
ACh Ištar 5 [partial]
Editions: 

Reiner & Pingree, 1998bE. Reiner and Pingree, D. , Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Styx, 1998.: 79, 100-101

Commentary
DivinationAstrological. Enūma Anu Enlil

mukallimtu 2a

Base text: 
Enūma Anu Enlil 58(59)-62(63) Group B
Commentary no: 
A
Duplicates
Tablet information
Assyrian
Complete tablet (almost)
Columns: 
1
Lines: 
obv 30, rev 30
Size: 
12,1 × 7,3 × 2,2 cm
7th cent (Assurbanipal libraries and other Assyrian cities)
Colophon
Asb Typ k var
Bibliography

Fincke, 2001J. C. Fincke, Der Assur-Katalog der Serie enūma anu enlil (EAE), Orientalia Nova Series, vol. 70, pp. 19-39, 2001.
[On the subscript]
: 30-31

Frahm, 2011E. Frahm, Babylonian and Assyrian Text Commentaries. Origins of Interpretation. Ugarit-Verlag, 2011.: 43, 133, 152

Gabbay, 2016U. Gabbay, The Exegetical Terminology of Akkadian Commentaries. Brill, 2016.: 119 (12 (30))

Genty, 2010aT. Genty, Les commentaires dans les textes cunéiformes assyro-babyloniens. MA thesis, 2010.
[Catalogue]
: 312-313

Reiner, 1975aE. Reiner, Notes brèves, Revue d'Assyriologie, vol. 69, p. 96, 1975.
[On line r 19]
: 96

Reiner, 1998aE. Reiner, Celestial Omen Tablets and Fragments in the British Museum, in tikip santakki mala bašmu.. Festschrift für Rykle Borger zu seinem 65. Geburtstag am 24. Mai 1994, S. M. Maul, Ed. Styx, 1998, pp. 215-302.: 216

Reiner & Pingree, 1998bE. Reiner and Pingree, D. , Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Styx, 1998.
[Edition]
: 79, 100-101

Reiner, 1999E. Reiner, Babylonian Celestial Divination, in Ancient Astronomy and Celestial Divination, N. M. Swerdlow, Ed. Institute of Technology Press, 1999, pp. 21-37.
[Partial translation]
: 32-33

Schott, 1938A. Schott, Nabu-ahhe-eriba, der Astrologe mit den Silbenlesungen, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, vol. 44, pp. 194-200, 1938.: 293-297

Weidner, 1941bE. F. Weidner, Der Tag des Stadtgottes, Archiv für Orientforschung, vol. 14, pp. 340-342, 1941.: 313-314

Record
Frazer, 02/2018 (Transliteration)
Frazer, 02/2018 (Translation)
Frazer, 02/2018 (Introduction)
By Mary Frazer | Make a correction or suggestion
How to cite
Frazer, M., 2018, “Commentary on Enūma Anu Enlil 58(59)-62(63) Group B (CCP 3.1.58.A.b),” Cuneiform Commentaries Project (E. Frahm, E. Jiménez, M. Frazer, and K. Wagensonner), 2013–2024; accessed April 19, 2024, at https://ccp.yale.edu/P393722. DOI: 10079/70rxws4
© Cuneiform Commentaries Project (Citation Guidelines)
Introduction

A mukallimtu commentary from Nineveh on 24 omens1 derived from the appearance and behaviour of Venus.2 As is typical of mukallimtu commentaries in Neo-Assyrian script from Nineveh, the lines following the first line of a new entry are indented. The terminology of the rubric is used to describe eleven other commentaries from Nineveh, all on different Chapters of EAE.3

The explanations in this commentary fall into two categories. The more common one substitutes the astronomical phenomenon described in part or all of the omen’s protasis with an alternative phenomenon. The substitution is sometimes derived from pre-existing associations between constellations and planets, e.g., the substition of the constellation Stars (mul.mul) in omen 10 with the planet Mars (l. 26).4 The second, less frequent category of explanation uses a colon to equate brief phrases from the base text with synonyms or specifications. Thus: “Morning watch” means “late watch” (l. 22), “great gods” means “Jupiter and …” (l. 39), and perhaps “[šu]b?” means “to throw” (l. 51). Interestingly, the commentary more often uses the colon to indicate variant readings of the base text (ll. 15, 25, 37 and 40).

The text proper is divided into four sections by three single rulings.5 The first section (ll. 1-17) deals with seven omens, of which the first four involve Venus becoming suddenly luminous or scintillating (ṣerhu tuku, ṣarāru). The second section (ll. 18- 23) deals with two omens, both of which are concerned with Venus’s rising. The third section (ll. 24-39), which runs from the obverse onto the reverse, deals with four omens, the first two of which feature non-standard month names and apodoses related to “famine in the land”. The fourth section (ll. 40-61) deals with between nine and eleven omens derived from the appearance of Venus’s “position” (ki.gub-).

 

Minor corrections to the readings of individual signs in ll. 13, 15, 36 and 40 (and see also n. 2), based on collation of the original tablet, are marked in the transliteration by asterisks. Unless noted otherwise, restorations follow the edition by E. Reiner and Pingree, D. , Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Styx, 1998. Pp. 100, 102.

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ACh Ishtar 05 [EAE Venus B]

Obverse
x31obverse
11

* muldil-bat ṣer-ḫa TUKU NU SIG₅1

“If Venus has a sudden luminosity, unfavorable.” [= omen 1]

22

   ina ta-lu-ki-šá ḫa-an-tiš il-ta-na-qa-a

She will keep ascending quickly in her progression.

33

* muldil-bat ṣer-ḫa NU TUKU SIG₅

“If Venus does not have a sudden luminosity, favorable.” [= omen 2]

44

   ni-ḫi- KI.GUB-su ú-šal-lam-ma DU-ma2

She will complete the full period of her (lit. its) position (in the sky) and move off.

55

* muldil-bat SUR-ma mulŠUDUN NIGIN da-gi-lu

“If Venus scintillates and goes around the Yoke, (and) an observer

66

   id-gul a-mi-ru e-mu-ru KUR BIRaḫ

observes (her) (and) someone sees (it), the land will be scattered,

77

   BALA KÚRir MUNUS-MEŠ ina gišTUKUL ŠUB-MEŠ3

the reign will change (and) women will die violently (lit. fall by means of the weapon).” [= omen 3]

88

   ddil-bat dSAG.ME.GAR NIGIN-MEŠ-ma4

Venus will go around Jupiter.

99

* muldil-bat SUR-ma ina IGI mulMAR.GÍD.DA GUB-ma

“If Venus scintillates and stands before the Plough,

1010

   a-me-ru IGI SÙḪ ana U₄.3.KÁM ZI-ma KUR ir-ri-im

(and) someone sees (her), a storm will arise on the third day and cover the land.” [= omen 4]

1111

   ddil-bat ana IGI mulŠU.GI GUB-ma5

Venus will stand before the Old Man.

1212

* muldil-bat ina ŠÀ mulGU₄.AN.NA is--ḫu?-ur?6

“If Venus turns back within the Bull of Heaven

1313

  [...] x-ba KÚR*

[] changes. [= omen 5]

1414

[* muldil-bat ...] x x x SILIM-ma ŠÚbi-ma

[“If Venus ] sets

1515

   [...]-ba KÚR* : ṭe-em KUR i-šá-an-ni

[] changes (variant: the mind of the land will be different).” [= omen 6]

1616

[* muldil-bat ina] še-re-e-ti ka-a-a-na-at

[If Venus] is stable [in] the morning,

1717

   [LUGAL]-MEŠ KÚR-MEŠ SILIM-MEŠ

hostile [kings] will be at peace.” [= omen 7]


1818

[* muldil-bat] x 3 ITI KURḫa munusKÚR-MEŠ GÁL-MEŠ BURU₁₄ KUR SI.

[“If Venus ] rises for 3 months, there will be hostilities; the harvest of the land will prosper.” [= omen 8]

1919

   [... lu] mulGU₄.AN.NA lu mulSIPA.ZI.AN.NA GUB-ma

She will stand (in) [either] the Bull of Heaven or the True Shepherd of Anu.

2020

[* mul]dil-bat ina EN.NUN.U₄.ZAL.LI KURḫa su-ga-ga-ti

“If Venus rises in the morning watch, there will be sugagāti

2121

   [: sag]-ga-šá-a-ti ina KUR GÁL-MEŠ

[(variant: mur]ders) in the land.” [= omen 9]

2222

   [EN].NUN.U₄.ZAL.LA : EN.NUN uḫ-ḫur-tu₄

[ M]orning watch” means “late watch”;

2323

   [ina] ANe a-danan-šú ú-še-tiq-ma

she will exceed her (lit. its) appointed time [in] the sky.


2424

* muldil-bat ina ITI ši-ir-ʾi-BURU₁₄ ina GÙB-šá MUL.MUL GUBiz

“If Venus, in the Month of the Harvest Furrow, on her left stands the Stars,

2525

   SU.GU₇ : SÙḪ ina KUR GÁLši

there will be famine (variant: confusion) in the land.” [= omen 10]

2626

   dṣal-bat-a-nu ina 150-šá GUB-ma7

Mars will stand on her left.

2727

* muldil-bat ina UD..ÀM šá ITI tam-ḫi-ri ŠÚ-ma

“If Venus sets at the neomenia of Month of Presentation (Tamhīru) and

2828

   ina itiŠE KURḫa SU.GU₇ ina KUR GÁLši

rises in Month 12, there will be famine in the land.” [= omen 11]

2929

   ina ANe a-danan-šú ú-še-tiq-ma

She will exceed her (lit. its) appointed time in the sky.

3030

* muldil-bat GIM KURḫa ir-ta-naq- ŠÈG-MEŠ ina ANe

“If Venus, as soon as she rises, keeps going upwards, rain in the sky

3131

   ILLU-MEŠ ina IDIM KU₅-MEŠ

(and) floods in the source will cease.” [= omen 12]

3232

   GIM dṣal-bat-a-nu ma-ʾ-diš i-šaq-[qam-ma]8

Like Mars she will go very hi[gh.]

reverse
3636

* muldil-bat ina IGI-šá AN.TA GARan* [...]9

“If Venus when she appears is high []

3737

   : MUL-MEŠ GAL-MEŠ x [...]

(variant: the Great Stars) []

3838

   DINGIR-MEŠ ze-nu-tu₄ ana KUR GUR-[MEŠ?]

the angry gods will return to the land.” [= omen 13]

3939

   MUL-MEŠ GAL-MEŠ : dSAG.ME.GAR u d[...]

“Great Stars” means “Jupiter and [].”


4040

[*] muldil-bat KUR-ma KI.GUB- KÚR.KÚR : GUR.GUR LUGAL ÌR-MEŠ-šú10

[“If] Venus rises and her position changes (variant: retrogrades(?)), the king’s servants

4141

   [ḪI].GAR-šú-ma ina KI.GUB-šú MAN-ma GUBaz

[will ri]se against him, and another one will stand in his position.” [= omen 14]

4242

[* muldil]-bat KUR-ma KI.GUB- gu-um-mu-ra DINGIR-MEŠ ana KUR

[“If] Venus rises and her position is complete, the gods

4343

   [ARḪUŠ TUKU-MEŠ] U₄-MEŠ-šá ú-šal-lam-ma GUB-ma

[will have mercy] on the land.” [= omen 15] She will complete her days and stand (there).

4444

[* muldil-bat] KI.GUB- SA₅ ŠUB ANŠE.KUR.RA-ME*

[“If Venus]’s position is red, downfall of horses;

4545

   [...] ina KUR GÁL-MEŠ

there will be [] in the land.” [= omen 16]

4646

   [dṣal-bat-a]-nu KI-šá GUB-ma11

[ Mar]s will stand with her.

4747

[* muldil-bat KI.GUB-] SIG₇ munusPEŠ₄-MEŠ EN šà ŠÀ-ši-na ÚS-ME12

[“If Venus’s position] is green, pregnant women will die (with) the “lord(s) of their wombs” (i.e., with their babies inside them).” [= omen 17]

4848

   [mulUDU.IDIM].SAG. KI-šá GUB-ma13

[ Sat]urn will stand with her.

4949

[* muldil-bat ...] x i-nam-bu-uṭ

[“If Venus ] shines

5050

   [...] x IGImar

[] is visible.” [= omen “18”]

5151

[...] ŠUB? : na-du-u

[ “ŠU]B(?) means “to throw”.

5252

[muldil-bat ... un]-nu-ut ŠÀ.ḪUL

[“If Venus ] is [fa]int, misfortune.” [= omen “19”]

5353

[* muldil-bat ...] SIG₅

[If Venus ] good fortune”. [= omen “20”]

5454

[* muldil-bat ...] x UN-MEŠ iq--ri-šá14

[“If Venus ] the women will copulate.” [= omen “21”]

5555

   [...]-nu u KI.TA-ma GUB-ma15

[ ] is low and will stand (there).

5656

* muldil-bat ana MUL.MUL TE NU x x x [x] x x x x x16

“If Venus draws near to the Stars …” [= omen “22”]

5757

   ddil-bat ana mulAB.SÍN [TE-ma]17

Venus [will draw near] to the Furrow.

5858

* muldil-bat ana mulKU₆ TE DAB₅.DAB₅ ina KUR GARan

“If Venus draws near to the Fish, a defeat will occur in the land.” [= omen “23”]

5959

   ddil-bat ana mulSUḪUR.MÁŠ.KU₆ TE-ma18

Venus will draw near to the Goat-Fish.

6060

* muldil-bat ana mulAPIN TE DAB₅.DAB₅ GARan

“If Venus draws near to the Plough, a defeat will occur.” [= omen “24”]

6161

   ana dṣal-bat-a-nu TE-ma19

She will draw near to Mars.


6262

mu-kal-lim-ti * U₄ AN den-líl šu-ut KA ša KA UM.ME.A20

Mukallimtu-commentary on Enūma Anu Enlil, (with) oral explanations following the sayings of a (master-)scholar,

6363

šá ŠÀ * muldil-bat ṣer-ḫa im-šuḫ É.GAL mAN.ŠÁR--IBILA21

(referring to entries) from “If Venus flashes with a sudden luminosity”. (Property) of the palace of Ashurbanipal,

6464

LUGAL GAL u LUGAL dan-nu LUGAL ŠÚti LUGAL KUR AN.ŠÁRki

great king, might king, king of the universe, king of Assyria

6565

šá dMUATI dPAPNUN ARḪUŠ TUKU-MEŠ-šu-ma ki-ma AD u AMA ú-rab-bu-u-šú

on whom the gods Nabû and Tašmētu took pity and reared like a father and mother.

1Reiner & Pingree (1998: 14) note that the the commentary’s explanations of this and the following omen in ll. 2 and 4 “seem without basis.”

2Reiner & Pingree (1998: 100) translate: “she completely reaches her position slowly and stands there.” Instead of the puzzling ni-hi-iš, ACh Ištar 5 reads the scarcely less puzzling ahiš, which CAD A/1 189a does not translate and which AHw 20b tentatively translates “für sich allein(?).”

3Reiner & Pingree (1998: 100) include a MEŠ after gišTUKUL which is not in the manuscript.

4Equation of the Yoke with Jupiter.

5Equation of the Plough with Venus.

6According to Reiner & Pingree (1998: 9), this is a reference to the retrogression of Venus.

7Association of the Stars with Mars.

8Comparison of Venus with Mars.

9Reiner & Pingree (1998: 100) read AN.TA šá-qu, but the traces and parallels make GARan more likely.

10According to Reiner & Pingree (1998: 9), GUR means “to retrograde” in the ACT material, but they omit translating GUR.GUR in this context.

11Association of Venus’s red position with Mars.

12The unusual choice of šà to write the determinative pronoun seems to be traditional to this apodosis, which appears with the same spelling in, e.g., an omen relating to Jupiter (Reiner & Pingree 2005: 68 l. 11').

13Association of Venus’s green position with Saturn.

14For the interpretation of UN-MEŠ as “women” and the verb as garāšu in this context, see Reiner 1975a.

15Perhaps restore [... AN.TA]nu u KI.TA-ma.

16See Reiner & Pingree (1998: 13) for a discussion of the possible technical meaning of the logogram TE in this and subsequent lines.

17Equation of Stars with the Furrow. See Reiner & Pingree (1998: 8) for the astronomical rationale behind this equation.

18Equation of the Fish with the Goat-Fish. Reiner & Pingree (1998: 8) present an argument for the astronomical rationale behind this equation.

19Equation of the Plough with Mars. See Reiner & Pingree (1998: 8) for some discussion of the rationale behind this equation.

20The rubric in ll. 62-63 is rubric “mukallimtu 2a”. See Frahm 2011: 43-45 for a detailed discussion of the meaning of the phrases “oral explanations” and the “sayings of a (master-)scholar.”

21The colophon in ll. 63-65 is an abbreviated form of the “type k” Ashurbanipal-colophon (Hunger 1969: 100).

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