CCP 3.5.30 - Ālu 30-32 (“27-30”)

Catalogue information
British Museum
K.1
NinevehNineveh (Kuyunjik)
joins: 
K.1
CDLI: 
P237754
Publication
Copy: 
5R 31 2
CT 41 26-27
Editions: 

Labat, 1933R. Labat, Commentaires assyro-babyloniens sur les présages. Imprimerie-Librairie de l’Université, 1933.: 30-39

Moren[-Freedman], 1978S. M. Moren[-Freedman], The omen series šumma ālu. PhD thesis, 1978.: 315-316 [part of rev]

Commentary
DivinationTerrestrial omens (Šumma Ālu)

ṣâtu 2b & 3a

Base text: 
Ālu 30-32 (“27-30”)
Tablet information
Babylonian
Complete tablet (one corner lost)
Columns: 
1
Lines: 
obv 35, rev 29, left edge 4
Size: 
12,5 × 5,8 × 2,4 cm
7th cent (Assurbanipal libraries and other Assyrian cities)
Colophon
No name
Bibliography

Civil, 2002M. Civil, The Forerunners of Marû and Ḫamṭu in Old Babylonian, in Riches Hidden in Secret Places. Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Thorkild Jacobsen, T. Abusch, Ed. Eisenbrauns, 2002, pp. 63-71.
[On line o 18: UM = ṭeḫû]
: 67

Focke, 1999K. Focke, Die Göttin Ninimma, Archiv für Orientforschung, vol. 46/47, pp. 92-110, 1999.
[On line r 1: Gods]
: 106 fn. 155

Frahm, 2011E. Frahm, Babylonian and Assyrian Text Commentaries. Origins of Interpretation. Ugarit-Verlag, 2011.: 50-51, 63, 66, 127, 193, 196-97

Frahm, 2018bE. Frahm, The Perils of Omnisignificance: Language and Reason in Mesopotamian Hermeneutics, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, pp. 87-105, 2018.
[On line 52]
: 113

Freedman, 1998S. M. Freedman, If a City is set on a Height. The Akkadian omen series šumma ālu ina mēlê šakin. Volume 1: Tablets 1-21. The University of Pennsylvania Museum, 1998.: 18

Freedman, 2006bS. M. Freedman, If a City is set on a Height. The Akkadian omen series šumma ālu ina mēlê šakin. Volume 2: Tablets 22-40. The University of Pennsylvania Museum, 2006.: 132-176

Gabbay, 2016U. Gabbay, The Exegetical Terminology of Akkadian Commentaries. Brill, 2016.
[On line r 11]
: 64

Genty, 2010aT. Genty, Les commentaires dans les textes cunéiformes assyro-babyloniens. MA thesis, 2010.
[Catalogue]
: 417-418

Heeßel, 2007N. P. Heeßel, Divinatorische Texte I. Terrestrische, teratologische, physiognomische und oneiromantische Omina. Harrassowitz, 2007.: 2b and fn. 19

Heeßel, 2018N. P. Heeßel, Identifying Divine Agency: The Hands of the Gods in Context, in Sources of Evil. Studies in Mesopotamian Exorcistic Lore, G. Van Buylaere, Luukko, M. , Schwemer, D. , and Mertens-Wagschal, A. , Eds. Brill, 2018, pp. 133-149.
[On line o 27 - r 7]
: 144 fn. 21

Jiménez & Adalı, 2015E. Jiménez and Adalı, S. F. , The ‘Prostration Hemerology’ Revisited: An Everyman’s Manual at the King’s Court, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, vol. 105, pp. 154-191, 2015.
[On line 40]
: 178b

Kilmer, 1977A. D. Kilmer, Notes on Akkadian uppu, in Essays on the Ancient Near East in memory of Jacob Joel Finkelstein, deJ. M. Ellis, Ed. Archon Books, 1977, pp. 129-138.
[On line o 10-11: uppu]
: 132

Labat, 1933R. Labat, Commentaires assyro-babyloniens sur les présages. Imprimerie-Librairie de l’Université, 1933.
[Edition]
: 30-39

Lambert, 1999bW. G. Lambert, Babylonian Linguistics, in Languages and Cultures in Contact. At the Crossroads of Civilizations in the Syro-Mesopotamian Realm. Proceedings of the 42th RAI, K. Van Lerberghe and Voet, G. , Eds. Peeters, 1999, pp. 217-231.
[On line 41-42 and 54]
: 223

Lambert, 1999cW. G. Lambert, Literary Texts from Nimrud, Archiv für Orientforschung, vol. 46/47, pp. 149-155, 1999.
[On line 38]
: 155

Leichty, 2010E. Leichty, Dream on, in Opening the Tablet Box. Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Benjamin R. Foster, S. C. Melville and Slotsky, A. C. , Eds. Brill, 2010, pp. 225-228.
[On line o 18: UM = ṭeḫû]
: 228

Moren[-Freedman], 1978S. M. Moren[-Freedman], The omen series šumma ālu. PhD thesis, 1978.
[Edition, part of the rev]
: esp. 315-316, also 44, 77-79, 161-162, 164, 259, 266-267

Simons, 2017F. Simons, A New Join to the Hurro-Akkadian Version of the Weidner God List from Emar (Msk 74.108a + Msk 74.158k), Altorientalische Forschungen, vol. 44, pp. 82-100, 2017.
[On line 38]
: 86

Record
Jiménez, 03/2016 (Transliteration)
Jiménez, 03/2016 (Translation)
Jiménez, 03/2016 (Collation)
Jiménez, 03/2016 (Introduction)
Stadhouders, 03/2016 (Revision, corrections)
Gabbay, 06/2016 (Suggestion and reference [l. 36])
Jiménez, 08/2016 (Commentary markup)
By Enrique Jiménez | Make a correction or suggestion
How to cite
Jiménez, E., 2016, “Commentary on Ālu 30-32 (“27-30”) (CCP 3.5.30),” Cuneiform Commentaries Project (E. Frahm, E. Jiménez, M. Frazer, and K. Wagensonner), 2013–2024; accessed April 19, 2024, at https://ccp.yale.edu/P237754. DOI: 10079/q2bvqn3
© Cuneiform Commentaries Project (Citation Guidelines)
Introduction

This almost entirely preserved tablet written in Babylonian script was the first tablet accessioned in the Kuyunjik collection (K.1). It contains a commentary on four chapters of the series of terrestrial omens Šumma Ālu. Each chapter of the series is dealt with in a different section of the tablet, each section is separated by a subscript: chapter “27” (which corresponds to Šumma Ālu 30 in other recensions) is commented upon in ll. 1-7, chapter “28” (= Šumma Ālu 30 and 31) in ll. 9-25, chapter “29” (= Šumma Ālu 31) in ll. 27-43, and chapter “30” (= Šumma Ālu 32) in ll. 44-70.

The present tablet is very similar to other ṣâtu commentaries on Šumma Ālu written in Babylonian script and found in Ashurbanipal’s libraries: CCP 3.5.17 (Ālu 17-20), CCP 3.5.41 (Ālu 41-44), CCP 3.5.57 (Ālu 57-58), CCP 3.5.73 (Ālu 72-74), CCP 3.5.94 (on Ālu 94 alt [ṣâtu 2c]), and CCP 3.5.103 (Ālu [...], 103, 104 alt, and [...] [ṣâtu 2c]). All of them are small tablets with no colophon, which contain commentaries on three or more chapters of Šumma Ālu. In all of them each section is followed by a ṣâtu 2b or 2c rubric. It is conceivable that all these tablets originally stemmed from the same library, and were brought to Nineveh at a later point.1 More information on their provenance may be obtained from the study of the numeration of the chapters of Šumma Ālu reflected in their rubrics, which differs to a large extent from that of the Assyrian copies of Šumma Ālu found in Nineveh.

 

The commentary is written in the tabular format, and contains occasional phonetic glosses. On one occasion the phonetic gloss aims at indicating the correct reading of a word that was corrupt in the manuscript used to compile the commentary: in ll. 48-51, the commentary indicates that the first sign of the meaningless kul-de-e should be read as mu (the signs kul and mu are similar), thus yielding mu-de-e, which is then said to mean “equipment” (ú-de-e).2 This respect for the written text, even when the commentators knew that it was corrupt, is reminiscent of the ketiv–qere system of the Masoretic tradition.

The part of the commentary that has attracted most attention is the first section of the reverse (ll. 36-38), which contain explanations of three rare god names: Ninimma (which is explained as “Ea of the scribe”), Ninšar (which is explained as Nergal and, alternatively, as Enninšar), and Niraḫ (explained as Ištāran). The first equation is elsewhere unattested, the second is very rare (see note ad loc. for parallels), whereas the third is elsewhere common.

The tablet uses the logogram kimin (“ditto”) several times (ll. 12, 37, and 46), which no doubt represents the technical term šanîš. The only other technical term used is ša (e.g. ll. 27-28). In addition, the commentary contains a ḫepi-gloss, indicating a textual lacuna in its Vorlage (l. 46). Furthermore, line 66 appears to contain the frequent notation kúr, employed by scribes to indicate that a line was corrupt.

 

The tablet has been collated on photographs, and an important new reading has been obtained in l. 64. The significance of the last equation in line 19, however, escapes us. Thanks are expressed to H. Stadhouders, who revised the edition carefully and made several corrections and suggestions.

  • 1. Many of them have low K-numbers (e.g. K.1, K.36, K.103, or K.118), which means that they were found in Rooms 40-41. See J. E. Reade, Ninive (Nineveh), Reallexikon der Assyriologie, vol. 9, pp. 388-433, 1998. P. 422.
  • 2. The reading mu-de-e is in fact attested in other manuscripts of the text.
Edition

Powered by Oracc
(Base textCommentaryQuotations from other texts)

ccpo

CT 41, pl. 26-27, K 00001

Obverse
x72obverse
11

* GÍR.TAB-MEŠ ina É DU

x [x x x x (x x)]

“If scorpions walk in a man’s house” (Šumma ālu 30 incipit) [...].

22

ul-ṭib-bu-ma IGI-MEŠ

šá [x x x x (x x)]

“If they improve and are seen” (Šumma ālu 30 unknown), it (refers to someone) who [...].

33

GÍR.TAB-MEŠ ina É DU

iti[x x x x (x x)]

“If scorpions walk in a man’s house” (Šumma ālu 30 incipit), it refers to the months [...]

44

U₄mi e-di-i

U₄[mi x x (x x)]

“On a day of flooding” (Šumma ālu 30 26′-30′) means a da[y ...].

55

dan-na-at EN.TE.NA

iti[x x x (x x)]

The “depth of winter” (Šumma ālu 30 22′) refers to the months [...].

66

SAG-MEŠ ÚR

?-[di x x x (x x)]

SAG-MEŠ ÚR (Šumma ālu 30 unknown) means fou[dation ...].

77

i-šur

i-[šu-ur]

i-šur (Šumma ālu 30 unknown) means i-[šu-ur]


88

ṣa-a-tu₄ u šu-ut pi-i šá DUB 27.KAM [* URU ina SUKUDe GARin]

Lemmata and oral explanations relating to the 27th tablet [of “If a city is set on a height”].


99

bi-rit GEŠTU-šú

mim-ma ma-[la x x x]

“Between his ear” (Šumma ālu 31 6-7) means “as much as [...].

1010

MUD <a>-ḫi

piṭ-ru [x x]1

MUD aḫi (Šumma ālu 31 16-17) means “joint [...].

1111

up-pu

pi-iṭ-[ru]2

Armpit means “jo[int].”

1212

di-MIT ŠÀ : ÉR : di-im-tu₄

KIMIN <:> di-ib-ba-ta lìb?-bi?3

di-MIT libbi (Šumma ālu 31 unknown), written ÉR, means “tear”; alternatively, (it means) “words of the heart.

1313

NÍG.GU₇

ú-kul-ti

NÍG.GU₇ (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) means “consumption.”

1414

ša!-pu-ul

bi-rit pi-ri-du

“Groin” (Šumma ālu 31 48-49) means (part) between the legs.”

1515

im-ta-ḫa-aṣ

man-ma DU₁₄ i-gír-re-

“He will be beat” (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) means “someone will start a fight with him.”


1616

NÍG.ŠU ú-ta-ár

ši-mu-šu ú-tar-ra

NÍG.ŠU ú-ta-ár (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) means “he will return his purchase”;

1717

   

bu-šu-šú

(alternatively, it means) “his property.”


1818

    DUB

ṭe-ḫu-ú

DUB (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) means “to approach.”


1919

KA..A

bu-ṣur : bu-ṣur : ta-x-x-ru4

KA.DÙ.A (Šumma ālu 30 66′) means “news,” “news” means ...

2020

<(KA)>en.<(.A)>da

(KA should be read as) en and (DÙ.A should be read as) da (i.e., enim.da)

2121

U₄um DINGIR u LUGAL

U₄mu i-sin-nu šá DINGIR u LUGAL

“The day of god or king” (Šumma ālu 30 unknown) means “the day of the a god’s or king’s festival.”


2222

TÚG.SÍG-ḪI.A

sis-si-ke-e-tu₄

TÚG.SÍG-ḪI.A (Šumma ālu 30 77′) means “fringes.”


2323

iz-zíb-šú

iz-zib-šú

iz-zíb-šú (Šumma ālu 30 85′) means “it will leave him” (written iz-zib-šú).


2424

* EGIR -ta-mi iz--ut5

In “If it considers the back and stings the man” (Šumma ālu 30 unknown),

2525

šu-ta-mu-ú

šá-su-ú

“to consider” means “to shout.”


2626

ṣa-a-tu₄ šá DUB 28.KAM * URU ina SUKUDe GARin

Lemmata relating to the 28th tablet of “If a city is set on a height.”


2727

iz--ut

šá SÌG-su ne-e-eḫ

“It stings” (written iz-qú-ut) (Šumma ālu 31 passim) (is said of the scorpion whose) sting is soft.

2828

RA-su

šá SÌG-su dan-nu

“It stings him” (written RA-su) (Šumma ālu 31 passim) (is said of the scorpion whose) sting is hard.


2929

dda-mu

dgu-la

Damu (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) is Gula.

3030

ṭur-ra tara-kas

DUR ta-rak-kas

ṭur-ra tara-kas (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) means “you tie a knot.”

3131

IGI* RA

pa-an ri-iḫ-ṣu6

IGI RA (cf. Šumma ālu 31 77′) means “before (the time of) thunderstorm(s).”

3232

NAG-ma ú-zaq

NAG-ma i-par-ri7

“He will drink it and bring it up (Šumma ālu 31 75′) means “he will drink and vomit.”

3333

Ì.GIŠ u KAŠ SUD-šu

Ì.GIŠ u! KAŠ ta-sal-laḫ-[šú]

Ì.GIŠ u KAŠ SUD-šu (Šumma ālu 31 74′) means “you will sprinkle [him] with oil and beer.”


3434

DU.DU-ma NU ut-tar-am-ma

a-tal-lu-ku la u-ta-ra-am-ma8

DU.DU-ma NU ut-tar-am-ma (Šumma ālu 31 76′) means “he will no longer walk around,”

3535

   

a-la-ku la ú-šam-ad

(in the sense) “he will not increase the walking.”

reverse
3636

dnin-ìmma

dé-a šá DUB.SAR

“Ninimma” (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) is Ea of the scribe.

3737

dnin-nisig

dU!.GUR KIMIN den-nin-šar9

“Ninnisig” (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) is Nergal; alternatively, it is Enninšar.

3838

dMUŠ

dKA.DI

“Irḫan” (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) is Ištarān.


3939

BIR ŠÀ-šú

ŠÀ-šú

“Kidney of his belly” (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) means “belly.”


4040

EN a-mi-ri-šú

šá i-ze-ʾe-e-ru-šú

“The person who looks askance at him” (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) (refers to the man) who hates him.

4141

* DUMU.MUNUS mu-ši-ḫat

gišBANŠUR-MEŠ10

“If a daughter who mu-ši-ḫat (Šumma ālu 31 unknown) (refers to) tables.

4242

    mu-us-si-ḫa-at

(mu-ši-ḫat should be read as) mussiḫat (i.e., “she who assigns”).


4343

ṣa-a-tu₄ u šu-ut pi-i šá DUB 29.KAM * URU ina SUKUDe GARin

Lemmata and oral explanations relating to the 29th tablet of “If a city is set on a height.”


4444

i-ḫa-az-zu

i-šá-as-su

“It hisses” (Šumma ālu 32 37′) means “it cries out.”

4545

NÍG.ME.GAR AL.KUD

-di-iḫ-ḫu KUDas

NÍG.ME.GAR AL.KUD (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) means “profit will cease.”


4646

na-bu-ul-tu₄

mi-it-ti KIMIN nu-ub-ḫe- -šú-<(bu-ul-tu₄)>

nabultu (Šumma ālu 32 46′) means “dead.” nu-ub (recent break),

4747

nu-<ub-bu>-ul-tu₄

mi-it-tu₄11

nu<bb>ultu means “dead.”


4848

KUL-de-e É

In “The KUL-de-e of the house” (Šumma ālu 32 57′),

4949

    <(KUL-de-e)>mu

(KUL should be read as) mu, (and means) “a container.”

5050

mu-du-ú

nu-us-ḫu

(read as) mudû,

5151

mu-du-ú

ú-du-ú

mudû (is a writing of) udû (“equipment”).


5252

DAB.DABta-ma

ti-iṣ-bu-ta-ma

DAB.DAB-ta-ma (Šumma ālu 32 41′) means “to hold one another” (tiṣbutu, ṣabātu Gt).

5353

É BI NAM TUKUši

É BI an-nu TUKUši

É BI NAM TUKU-ši (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) means “that house will bear guilt.”

5454

    NAM : an-nu

an-nu : ár-nu

NAM means annu, (and) annu means “guilt.”


5555

ul KUD

ul i-par-ra-as

ul KUD (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) means “it will not be cut off.”


5656

qu-um-ma-lam

bu-lu₄12

qu-um-ma-lam (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) means “cattle.”

5757

    <(qu-um-ma-lam)>lu

(LAM should be read as) lu.


5858

ṣúṣu-ri-ri-it

EME.ŠID.MUNUS

ṣú-ri-ri-it (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) (read ṣu) means “female lizard.”


5959

* àa-mir i-lit-

i-lit- lit-tu <<tu>>

In a-mir i-lit-tú (Šumma ālu 32 unknown), ilittu means “progeny.”

6060

Ù.TU : ba-nu-ú

Ù.TU : a-la-du

Ù.TU (Šumma ālu 32 63′?) means “to create”; Ù.TU means “to bear.”


6161

ku-kit-ti

la mit-gur-ti

“Inappropriate” (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) means “not in agreement.”

6262

ku-kit-ti

la šat-ti

“Inappropriate” means “not proper.”

6363

NUla šatša-ti

la ku-ši-ri

“Not proper” means “profitless.”


6464

MIN U₄ ši-in

U₄mu*13

2 U₄ (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) means “two days.”


left edge column i
6565

EME.SIG

kar-ṣi

EME.SIG (Šumma ālu 32 unknown, but cf. Šumma ālu 32 [KAR 382 20′]) means “slander.”

6666

kúr GU₇-ME <<e>>

in-nak-ka-lu14

(Mistake!) GU₇-ME (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) means “it will be eaten.”

6767

ÚŠ ka-mit ÚŠ

mu-tu ka-ma-tu i-ma-ti

ÚŠ ka-mit (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) ÚŠ means “he will die a death of captivity.”

left edge column ii
6868

ka-šu-tu₄15

kašūtu (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) means (blank).

6969

ka-šu-tu₄

kašūtu (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) means (blank).

7070

IGI-MIN-šú uṣ-ṣa-ḫa-ta :

MIN-šú ul-tam-ma-a16

(The lizard’s) eyes contract (Šumma ālu 32 unknown) means “his eyes(!) repeatedly become surrounded.”

7171

ṣa::a-:tu₄ šá DUB 30.KAM * URU ina SUKUDe GARin

Lemmata relating to the 30th tablet of “If a city is set on a height.”

1As pointed out by H. Stadhouders (private communication), the line probably refers to the “armpit” (uppi aḫi). The translation of these lines is courtesy of H. Stadhouders.

2Quotation from Malku III 216 (see Hrůša AOAT 50 (2010) p. 237).

3The alternative explanation is based on a different reading of the sign MIT (as bat).

4The last word could not be deciphered.

5arku may refer to the “continuation” of the present tablet, since the note appears immediately before the colophon. H. Stadhouders (private communication) suggests understanding šumma arkata uštāmi amēlu iskut, “if he ponders something down to the last detail/in its ultimate consequences/ if he concentrates on something in depth, a man is silent”; and compares the sentence with idioms such as arkata ḫâṭu, šaʾālu: AHw., s.v. warkatu, 5.b.

6The translation is courtesy of H. Stadhouders.

7The equation is also attested in SpTU 1 33 r 2 (CCP 4.1.7.B). See the important parallels cited in CAD S 84b, where the verb is parsed as zakû D.

8The commentary explains the “Koppelung” VERB-ma la uttar (from watāru D) by means of INFINITIVE la utâr (târu D, “to do again”) [H. Stadhouders].

9Si vera lectio, the equation between Ninnisig and Nergal is also attested in the commentary on the kettledrum ritual O 175 o 13 (Livingstone Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works [1986] p. 190). On the reading dnin-nisig of dnin-SAR, see Cavigneaux Fs Boehmer (1995) p. 65 (reference courtesy of Uri Gabbay).

10The meaning of mu-ši-ḫat is uncertain; see CAD Š/1 107a.

11AHw 700a cites this passage as the only attestation of the hapax legomenon nabultu, “corpse,” and compares it with Hebrew nĕḇēlā as a parallel. CAD N/1 328 and 342 suggest the emendation followed here. According to Freedman’s ingenious explanation (If a City is Set on a Height, volume 2 [2006] p. 171), the source of the equations in ll. 46-47 may have been an incorrect parsing of the base text (which reads na-bu-ul-tu₄, but appears in some manuscripts as nu-bal-tu₄) as NU bal-ṭu₄, “not alive.”

12qu-um-ma-lam is a hapax legomenon. According to CAD Q 304b, the scribe misinterpreted a presumed spelling qu-um-ma-ḫum as qu-um-ma-lum (the rare word qummaḫu is equated with būlu in the astrological commentary 2R 47 ii 5ff = CCP 3.1.u72).

13Collated.

14Labat Commentaires (1933) p. 38 takes kúr as a phonetic complement, but it is probably a paratextual note indicating that there is a textual problem in the text (in this case, the additional e at the end). On the scribal mark kúr, see e.g. Lambert Fs Kraus (1982) p. 216 ad iv 24.

15ka-šu-tu₄, si vera lection, is a hapax legomenon.

16The interpretation of the line follows CAD Ṣ 61a.

© Trustees of the British Museum

Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum